Understanding Tongue Disorders

Welcome to the latest edition of our newsletter! This month, we're focusing on tongue disorders as we have had several cases of tongue disorders in the last few weeks. Disorders of the tongue can affect its appearance, sensation, and function.

Your tongue is a vital organ for tasting, chewing, swallowing, and speaking; addressing tongue disorders early can improve oral health and overall well-being.

Common Tongue Disorders

1. Geographic Tongue:  
   

• What is it? Geographic tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis, is a condition where patches of the tongue's surface lose their usual layer of small bumps (papillae) and appear smooth and red, often with a white border.

• Symptoms: Irregular, map-like patches on the tongue, which may change shape and location. Some individuals may experience discomfort or sensitivity to certain foods.

• Treatment: Typically, no treatment is needed. Avoiding spicy or acidic foods can help reduce discomfort.

1. Black Hairy Tongue:
   

• What is it? A harmless condition where the papillae on the tongue's surface become elongated and discolored, giving a black, hairy appearance.

• Symptoms: Darkening of the tongue, altered taste or metallic taste, bad breath.

• Treatment: Maintaining good oral hygiene, including brushing the tongue, stopping smoking, and avoiding foods and drinks that can stain the tongue.

1. Thrush (Oral Candidiasis):
   

• What is it? A yeast infection caused by the Candida fungus, leading to white patches on the tongue and inside the mouth. We see this most commonly in patients who need to use steroid inhalers.

• Symptoms: White, creamy patches that can be wiped off, revealing red, inflamed areas. Possible soreness or difficulty swallowing.

• Treatment: Antifungal medications, good oral hygiene, reducing sugar intake, and managing underlying health conditions like prediabetes/diabetes.
  

1. Glossitis:
   

• What is it? Inflammation of the tongue, which can be caused by infections, allergies, irritants, or underlying health conditions like B12 or iron deficiency.

• Symptoms: Swelling, redness, pain, and changes in the tongue's surface texture.

• Treatment: Depends on the cause; may include medication vs. supplements, avoiding irritants, and managing underlying conditions.
  

1. Tongue Cancer & Potentially Malignant Disorders (Leukoplakia):
   

• What is it? Cancers can develop on the tongue, often linked to tobacco and alcohol use, HPV infection, and poor oral hygiene.

• Symptoms: Persistent sores, lumps, or ulcers on the tongue, difficulty swallowing, numbness, or unexplained bleeding.

• Treatment: Laser treatment, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the stage and location of the lesion.
  

Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Tongue

• Practice Good Oral Hygiene: Brush your teeth twice daily, floss the teeth you'd like to keep, and don't forget to gently brush or scrape the tongue. 

• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your mouth moist and help wash away food particles and bacteria. If you are on medications that cause dry mouth (Dr. Correa believes at least 75% of meds we prescribe do this!), xylitol sprays can help moisten the mouth. 

• Avoid Tobacco and Limit Alcohol: These can contribute to various tongue disorders, including cancer.

• Eat a Balanced Diet: Ensure you're getting enough vitamins and minerals to support overall health. Vegans need to take B12 in a pill/tablet or in food form (nutritional yeast, fortified plant milks).

• Regular Dental Checkups: Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and to monitor for any potential issues.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice persistent changes in your tongue's appearance, pain, or other unusual symptoms, it's time to call our office. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve outcomes.

We hope you find this information helpful. Remember, taking care of your tongue is an essential part of maintaining good health. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to contact our office.

Stay healthy and take care!

Dr. Aditi Correa

Your Partner In Health